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INTRODUCTION
1. AMERICAN VARIANT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1.1. The history of American language and culture
1.2 American and British English differences
2. VOCAL SYSTEM OF AMERICAN ENGLISH
2.1 Articulatory Description of Vowels
2.2 Vocal system of General American
CONCLUSIONS

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i
 
 
u
Near-close
ɪ
 
 
ʊ
Close-mid
e
 
 
o
Mid
 
ə
 
Open-mid
ɛ
ɝ
ʌ • ɔ
Near Open
æ
 
 
ɑ
The diphthongs in English language are the object of a sharp phonological controversy. However, most linguists define diphthongs as unisyllabic gliding sounds in the articulation of which the organs of speech start from one position and then glide to another position20. General American vowel system has five diphthongs, which are shown in Table 421.
Table 4. Diphthongs in General American
Diphthongs
Offglide is a front vowel
Offglide is a back vowel
Opener component is unrounded
aɪ eɪ
aʊ
Opener component is rounded
ɔɪ
oʊ
The American English vowel system includes diphthongs, which start with one sound and then glide to a second. For example, the pronunciationof the /o/ in coat is [oʊ] and the /e/ in gate is [eɪ]. This type of diphthong is considered homogeneous because both phases of the vowel are close in articulatory position and the lip rounding is the same. A second type of diphthong is heterogeneous (or true diphthong). They glide from one sound to the other moving up and across the vowel space. Lip rounding may not be the same in both phases. American English has three such diphthongs: / aɪ / (eye); / aʊ / (cow); and / ɔɪ / (boy) (Roca & Johnson, 1999).
The vowel list in Table 2 represents a generalization about American English vowels and their pronunciations22:
Table 2. Vowels used by American English speakers
AmE vowel
Words that have specific vowel pronunciation in American variant of English language
/i/ (beat)
crematorium, cretin, depot, inherent, leisure, medieval, reconnoitre, zebra, either, neither, Pleiades;
/ɪ/ (bit)
butyl, diverge, minority, primer (schoolbook);
/e/ (bait)
usually produced with a glide [eɪ]
amen, charade, cicada, gala, promenade, tomato, stratum, eta, beta, quay, theta, zeta, compatriot, patriot, patronise, phalanx, plait, repatriate, satrap, satyr, basil (plant);
/ɛ/ (bet)
anaesthetize, devolution, ecumenical, epoch, evolution, febrile, Kenya, lever, methane, penalize, predecessor, pyrethrin, senile, hygienic;
/æ/ (bat)
banana, java, khaki, morale, Nevada, scenario, soprano, tiara, Pakistani;
/ɑ/ (cot)
annato, Bangladesh, Caracas, grappa, gulag, Jan, Kant, kebab, Las (in placenames like Las Vegas), Mafia, mishmash, Natasha, Nissan, Pablo, pasta, Picasso, Slovak, Sri Lanka, Vivaldi, wigwam;
/ɔ/ (caught)
hexagon, octagon, paragon, pentagon, phenomenon, codify, goffer, ogle, phonetician, processor, progress (noun), sloth, wont, wroth, accomplice, accomplish, colander, constable, monetary;
/ʊ/ (book)
boulevard, snooker, woof;
/o/ (boat)
usually produced with a glide [oʊ]
compost, homosexual, Interpol, produce (noun), scone, shone, sojourn, troll, yoghurt;
/u/ (boot)
barracuda, puma, coupon, fuchsine, Houston;
/ʌ/ (but)
hovel, hover, because, of, from, was, what;
/aɪ/ (bite)
a true diphthong
dynasty, housewifery, idyll, livelong, long-lived, privacy, simultaneous, vitamin, albino, migraine. Also the prefixes anti-, multi-, semi- in loose compounds. Also the suffix –ization.