Российские реалии в романе Мартина Круза Смита "Gorky Park"

Содержание
Введение
Глава 1. Отражение в языке особенностей национальной культуры
1.1.Язык как элемент культуры
1.2.Языковая картина мира
1.3.Реалии, подходы разных ученых к их определению
1.4.Классификация реалий
Выводы по главе 1
Глава 2. Особенности использования реалий российской лингвокультуры в художественном пространстве романа “Gorky Park”
Выводы по главе 2
Заключение
Список использованной литературы

Российские реалии в романе Мартина Круза Смита "Gorky Park"

eyes. [Smith 2007: 12]
'Uncle Seva, who dyes his hair and wears a sports
jacket with a false foreign label?' [Smith 2007: 22]
Привычное для советских граждан обращение «товарищ» (=Comrade ) , подчеркивающее время действия книги, эпоху, когда вся власть в стране принадлежала партийному аппарату и КГБ, автор романа воспроизводит при помощи калькирования.
'Comrade General, Chief Investigator Renko report-
ing,' Arkady said, according to ritual. Had he shaved? he
asked himself. He resisted the temptation to run his
hand over his chin. [Smith 2007: 14]
Имперский характер мышления советского аппарата отражает использование этнических реалий - названий народов, лишенных реального права на самоопределение:
Levin's assistant, an Uzbek with a runny nose, was adding new embellishments, cutting into the chest cavities with a rotary saw. [Smith 2007: 16]
Fertilize a glorious roe of young Greater Russians lest all the
inferior nationalities, the swarthy Turks and Armenians,
sly Georgians and Jews, traitorous Estonians and Latvians, swarming hordes of ignorant yellow Kazaks, Tartars and Mongols, backward and ungrateful Uzbeks, Ossetians, Circassians, Kalmuks and Chuckchis tip with their
upraised organs the necessary population ratio between
white, educated Russians and dark... [Smith 2007: 43]
Географическими реалиями текст романа чрезвычайно богат. Само его название – географическая реалия.
Эти реалии связаны и с Москвой, и с Советским союзом в целом.
On the far embankment across the Moskva River he saw the first stroke of light on the Defense Ministry buildings, the
only moment of the day when those endless, dun-colored
walls had a touch of life. [Smith 2007: 8-9]
Arkady took Fet's buff-and-red militia car and drove
off, crossing the Krimsky Bridge to the north side of the
city. [Smith 2007: 12]
The Moscow town prosecutor's office was south of the
river on Novokuznetskaya Street in a section of nineteenth-century shops. [Smith 2007: 21]
Alone, Arkady called headquarters on Petrovka to
send a republic-wide west-of-the-Urals bulletin for information on crimes by firearm, just to keep the militia
commissioner content. [Smith 2007: 31]
Six weeks before, two bodies had been found on a
bank of the Kliazma two hundred kilometers east of
Moscow near Bugolubovo, a village of potato farmers. [Smith 2007: 37]
Топонимические реалии вор многих случаях связаны с прецедентными именами, важными для коммунистической идеологии.
Why Gorky Park? The city had bigger parks to leave
bodies in - Izmailovo, Dzerzhinsky, Sokolniki. Gorky
Park was only two kilometers long and less than a kilo-
meter across at its widest point. It was the first park of
the Revolution, though, the favorite park. [Smith 2007: 11]
North, only a bend of the river cut off a view of the Kremlin. [Smith 2007: 11]
He looped around the Kremlin
on Marx Prospekt and turned up Petrovka Street three
blocks to the yellow six-story complex that was Moscow
Militia Headquarters, where he parked in the basement
garage and rode an elevator to the third floor. [Smith 2007: 13]
Belorussia Station, a short walk from the Kremlin, was where Stalin boarded the Czar's train from Potsdam and, afterward, where Krushchev and then
Brezhnev boarded their special trains for Eastern Europe
to inspect their satellites or to launch detente. Rizhsky
Station took you to the Baltic states. Kursky Station
suggested suntanned vacations on the Black Sea. From
the small Savelovsky and Paveletsky stations no one
worthwhile traveled - only commuters or hordes of far-
mers as dusty as potatoes. Most impressive by far were
Leningrad, Yaroslavl and Kazan stations, the three giants
of Komsomol Square, and the strangest of these was
Kazan Station… [Smith 2007: 150]
Попадаются и топонимические реалии. Связанные с некогда насыщенной религиозной жизнью.
Over his shoulder, beyond the Donskoy
Monastery, the night was fading. [Smith 2007: 5]
Реалии общественно-политической жизни, использующиеся в книги, подчеркивают тоталитаристский и бюрократический характер советской действительности, в которой огромный полицейский аппарат используется для слежки и подавления инакомыслия:
The militia - the police arm of the MVD – directed traffic, chased drunks and picked up everyday corpses. The Committee for State Security - the KGB – was charged with grander, subtler responsibilities, combating foreign and domestic intriguers, smugglers, malcontents, and while the agents had uniforms, they referred anonymous plainclothes. [Smith 2007: 4]
Arkady left the bullets and went on to the Central Forensic Laboratory, a hall room of parquet floors, marble-topped tables, green
chalkboards and knee-high ashtrays embraced by lead
nymphs. [Smith 2007: 19]
Chief Investigators Chuchin (Special Cases) and Belov (Industry)
were in the hall. [Smith 2007: 21]
Moscow Town Prosecutor's Office, Moscow, RSFSR.
Crime - Homicide. Victims - 2 Unidentified Men… [Smith 2007: 23]
Здесь следует обратить внимание на калькирование the Party c опущением названия партии – Коммунистическая, поскольку в СССР других партий не существовало и транслитерацию газеты «Правда», искажавшей реальную действительности до неузнаваемости и предвзято оценивавшей политические события в СССР и во всем мире.
On the paneled walls were photographs of
Iamskoy heading a delegation of prosecutors at a ceremonial meeting with General Secretary Brezhnev, shaking hands with the General Secretary, speaking to an international conference of prosecutors in Paris, swimming at Silver Grove, and - absolutely unique - the
remarkable Pravda portrait of him arguing an appeal
before the Collegium of the Supreme Court for a worker
wrongly convicted of murder. [Smith 2007: 26]
Iamskoy consults me, the Party consults me,
Mayor Promislov consults me, because I know how to
reconcile this seeming contradiction.' [Smith 2007: 35]
Военный режим находит свое выражение в использовании воинских званий при обращении к человеку.
'Things get out of hand, Major. Remember? Why
don't you and your men take over the investigation now,
and I and my men go home?' [Smith 2007: 7]
'We're carrying on, Sergeant. Until further notice.' [Smith 2007: 8]
Находят свое отражение в тексте пионерская организация и праздник Труда:
In a store window shabby dolls were small, perfect Pioneers; a battery-driven
Sputnik circled a moon-shaped lamp that urged 'Look
to the Future!'[Smith 2007: 33]
Moscow was sleepwalking toward
May Day. [Smith 2007: 272]
Реалии быта, использованные в романе, связаны, прежде всего с обозначением российских марок автомобилей и вооружения:
Ranks of radio switches surrounded a communications desk where officers contacted patrol cars ('This is Volga calling fifty-nine') or,
by code name, precincts ('This is Volga calling Omsk'). [Smith 2007: 13]
Unofficially, clients paid double or more, which was why Misha could afford good
suits, a ruby ring on his little finger, furs for Natasha, a
house in the country and a two-door Zhiguli in which
to get there. [Smith 2007: 68]
From the front of the dacha he watched Schmidt and
Zoya drive off. Her lover's car was an old two-seater
Zaporozhets, not a limousine. There was a full moon
over the birches. [Smith 2007: 79]
Bullet marked GP2-A recovered
loose in skull cavity. [GP2-A was the slug Pribluda
had dug out.] Second wound 3 cms. left of sternum
through heart region. Bullet marked GP2-B recovered
from inside left shoulder blade. [Smith 2007: 17]
'All the same gun,' the technician agreed. 'All five. The
7.65 caliber is strange to me.' [Smith 2007: 21]
The director and cameramen, in foul moods and stylish leather
jackets, swore at the production assistants, who were
pretty girls in Afghan coats. [Smith 2007: 55]
Пристрастие советских граждан к пьянству подчеркивает использование названия основного крепкого спиртного напитка.
The investigator suspected the poor dead bastards
were just a vodka troika that had cheerily frozen to
death. [Smith 2007: 3]
Находит свое отражение в тексте книги и электрооборудование:
A chief investigator should have smoked a fine brand of cigarette; Arkady lit a cheap Prima and filled his mouth with the powerful taste of it - his habit whenever he dealt with the dead. [Smith 2007: 4]
Названия печатных изданий связаны либо с режимом в целом (Pravda), либо с профессиональной деятельностью читателя (Teachers Gazette), либо с изданиями, существовавшими нелегально по причине борьбы с существовавшим режимом (Riga).
They took place infrequently enough, and usually only
involved one man reading aloud from the front page of
Pravda while everyone else leafed through sports magazines. [Smith 2007: 254]
She leaned over the table to scan underlined passages
in the Teachers Gazette, collecting orange pits in her
hand along with the peels, her lips moving all the while. [Smith 2007: 42]
'We could have had the ZIV or the Riga in four
months, but we wanted the best.' Misha picked up a
copy of The Commercial Bulletin, which had been lying
on the toilet. 'Very highly rated.' [Smith 2007: 110]
Реалии, связанные с искусством и культурой, подчеркивают неприязнь Советского режима к литературе западной Европы и США и искаженную интерпретацию творчества российских классиков, А.П.Чехова и Л.Н.Толстого (Vronskyism).
They were Viskov, R N., and Viskova, I. L. In 1946
they constituted a 'center of anti-Soviet activity' by
operating a rare-book store that harbored the scribblers
Montaigne, Apollinaire and Hemingway. [Smith 2007: 32]
'Like Chekhov,' he answered over his shoulder, 'but
bad!