Проблемы перевода герундиальных оборотов с англ. яз на русский

Оглавление
Введение 3
Глава 1. Использование герундия в английском языке 5
Глава 2. Проблемы перевода в различных функциях в английском предложении 10
Глава 3. Пути преодоления трудностей переводов 19
Заключение 23
Linguistic analysis of K. Paustovsky story "the Yellow light" 24
Список используемой литературы 28

Введение
Неличные формы глагола в английском языке - одна из обширных тем, детальное рассмотрение которой потребует времени.
Неличные формы глагола обладают рядом особенностей:
• Подразумевают действие, при этом не указывая на лицо или число. По этой причине они не могут быть в роли сказуемого.
• Объединяют в себе характерные особенности глагола и каких-либо других частей речи.
Если выражают время, то лишь по отношению к определённому моменту действия, передаваемого основным глаголом. Личные формы, напротив, могут выражать время по отношению к моменту речи.
В русском языке отсутствует аналог герундия. Герундий выражает название процесса или действия и, благодаря своей двойственной природе, сочетает глагольные черты и функции существительного. Образуется с помощью добавления суффикса -ing. По форме совпадает с причастием настоящего времени (Participle 1).
• She was tired of rowing. - Она устала грести.
• Reading is her favourite amusement. - Чтение - её любимое занятие.
• I have no objection to your seeing her. - Я не возражаю против того, чтобы ты повидался с ней.
• I want to make a good progress in understanding Spanish. - Я хочу добиться хороших результатов в понимании испанского языка.
Помимо правил образования и употребления различных форм, существует ещё важнейшая сторона, которую включает грамматика английского языка. Неличные формы, такие как инфинитив и герундий, имеют некоторые особенности сочетания с глаголами. Определённая группа слова может сочетаться только с инфинитивом, другая же - с герундием.
Неличные формы глагола в английском языке - тема, которая включает в себя множество нюансов и требует детального рассмотрения и закрепления теоретического материала на практике.

On emotional perception of the story has a ring composition, since the beginning of the story and its ending is a description of the sense of wonder and tranquility of man.
That is the beginning and source of life on earth, nature? Of course, the sun. Thanks to its light everything changes and is transformed, exists. Because sunlight is a source not only of life, but also beauty. The author has filled his story with sunshine and spent a leitmotif through the entire fabric of the work: “yellow light”, “Aurora”, “Sunny reflections”, “flashed a hundred colors,” “fire hats toadstools that day.” But the story in the time space is divided into 2 parts: day and night. And night seen a hero was no less great than during the day. The light from the stars splashed the ground, giving her fabulousness.
Whether the beauty of his native land makes a person a poet, or a man with a delicate soul sees in the simple things poetry. Probably both, and more – all in the story, as in life, intertwined, interrelated and interdependent.
Following the composition of the story, the reader observes the change in the perception of the fall of the main character. Autumn is different. At first awakening, then falling leaves – colorful leaves – autumn night – web. Change the perception, but the mood of the main character always enthusiastic and peaceful. Along with changing feelings and changing a sound characteristic of the text. As mentioned above, this text is typical poesy of nature. Very in tune with the mood of the book and the mood of Esenin, as they are written in the same lyrical vein, United by love and affection, read with pleasure, with a smile.
In this text there is a sound (typical verses by S. Yesenin). After the author clearly hear the noise of autumn, rustling leaves, which is achieved by the sounds [W] and [W], [c]. These sounds gave the text a kind of home coziness, lulling. But look further, and there night, constellation, infinity, immensity. Vowels [o],[y], [and] lead the reader in elevation, showing the immensity of the Universe.
We cannot be silent about one particular text – a story within a story. And not just the story is more detail and a story Prokhorov speaks to the main character. By the way I remember the stories of M. Gorky, in which this technique is one of the most pivotal in the story.
Watching the story of Prochorus, please note how it shaped the literary gives way to a conversational style of speech, with the addition of dialect, jargon. Sentences mostly simple or incomplete with the direct word order. Although all text in a characteristic inversion, giving the poetic nature of the text. For example: “And when it rains...”, “shivering with cold birch...”, “lay wide circles of crushed leaves”. Syntactic and lexical Stroy to help the reader understand that two people with different upbringing, education, worldview, worldview. Prokhor simple simple words explains to the hero that is most important in life – the ability to take care of everything: “All brother, take care of, and it'll be a ground to throw and sassyness to perdition”.
This is not what we are seeing now in nature. Floods, fires – revenge or warns us Mother Nature? Reception of detail, color words, and gives them the symbolism. They are symbols of the "Motherland" and how the hero (the garden, the stars, the well, the leaves, the sound of ax, web) and describes, emphasizes the love for the native places, the susceptibility of his nature, and poetry.
Experience the feelings of the hero are reflected in the stylistic diversity: this complex sentences, and relative speed, and separation, and a series of homogeneous terms, and different types of simple sentences. How do these language features, stylistic features tell the main idea of the story is the unity of man with nature? “I looked at the maple and saw how slowly and carefully separated from the branches red leaf, startled, for one moment, stopped in the air and askew began to fall at my feet, a little rustling and swaying. The first time I heard the rustle of a falling leaf – an uncertain sound, similar to the children's whisper”.
Here conjunctionless connection of homogeneous terms speaks of the inexhaustibility of action. I want to continue the series. And here the idea of a never-ending forces of nature and its beneficial effects on humans.
Another feature of the language is the large number of participles, adjectives, including quality. Language units with the value of the attribute is passed as a fleeting picture of nature, but qualitative adjectives allow a writer to Express their emotional-value attitude to what he saw.
The story is called “Yellow light”, What is meant by this phrase? Autumn – certainly, Yes. Time of life when a person comprehends lived. Time of the year? Yes, the admiration of nature, which before long sleep pleases the eye with its diversity of colors and sounds. Yellow light: the sun. Yes. As a symbol of life. What is seen clearly that K. Paustovsky is not a dispassionate narrator, looking at all suspended look. No, this man loved his edge, not lost among contemporary writers, and which took its place in the development of Russian verbal art, have made a real contribution to the development of this genre, as story.