Английский язык, 6 заданий: Mechanical engineering

Задание 1

Mechanical engineering is the application of physical principles to the creation of useful devices, objects and machines. Mechanical engineers use principles such as heat, force, and the conservation of mass and energy to analyze static and dynamic physical systems, in contributing to the design of things such as automobiles, aircraft, and other vehicles, heating and cooling systems, house-hold appliances, industrial equipment and machinery, weapons systems, etc.

Fundamental subjects of mechanical engineering include: dynamics, statics, strength of materials, hydraulics, kinematics, and applied thermodynamics. Mechanical engineers should understand and be able to apply concepts from the chemistry and electrical engineering fields.

Engineers in this field design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds of structures. The field is divided into machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, and pneumatics; and heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. The mechanical engineer, therefore, must be trained in mechanics, hydraulics, and thermodynamics and must know such subjects as metallurgy and machine design. Some mechanical engineers specialize in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves, and must design for both economy and efficiency. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is the design of a car or an agricultural machine.

One of the subtypes of mechanical engineering is automotive engineering. The automobile was invented in the late 1800’s and did not come prominence until the early 20th century. Its basic configuration was determined and mass-production methods were established.

It becomes available to a society. The automobile vastly expanded most people’s mobility horizons. It enabled profound changes in most aspects of modern life. New roads were built to support the automobile. But as there are many advantages so disadvantages of the car invention also exist. It includes air pollution and car accidents. But all this fostered new engineering solutions to improve the quality of the human condition.

Задание 2

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Задание 3

agricultural machine - сельскохозяйственная машина

application of concepts - ...

creation of useful devices - ...

fundamental subjects - ...

manufactured goods - ...

steam turbines - ...

air pollution - ...

house-hold appliances - ...

heating and cooling system - ...

industrial equipment - ...

mass production - ...

car accident - ...

Задание 4

1. We will ... thoroughly mechanical engineering.

2. Mechanical engineers ... principles such as heat, force.

3. Engineers in this field ..., and ... machinery of all types.

4. They also ... on a variety of manufactured goods.

5. The field is ... into machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics.

6. Some of them ... in particular types of machines.

Задание 5

1. What is engineering? - Engineering is the application of science and ...

2. What types of engineering do you know? - ...

3. Why do mechanical engineers use such principles as heat, force, and the conservation of mass and energy? - ...

4. What subjects must the mechanical engineer be trained in? - ...

5. Are there any disadvantages of the car invention? - ...

Задание 6

1. Rolling is the most common metalworking process. - Прокатка является наиболее ...

2. Medium-carbon steels containing from 0.2 to 0.4 percent carbon are tougher and are used as structural steels. - ...

3. In operations that involve stretching, the best alloys are those which grow stronger with strain. - ...

4. Metals such as copper and aluminium are more ductile in such operations than other metals. - ...

5. The properties of a metal can be further improved by use of heat treatment. - ...

6. The higher the pressure, the higher the temperature. - ...