Перевод и разбор статьи Patrol psychology 101 Communication and conflict resolution

Реферат по английскому языку ...

1. Статья «Patrol psychology 101: Communication and conflict resolution»………………………………………….3
2. Базовые лексические единицы по прочитанной статье…………………………………………………………….7
3. Перевод на русский язык……………………………………………………………………………………………..9
4. Аннотация……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..20
5. Список литературы…………………………………………………………………………………………………...21
6. Приложение…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

1. Статья «Patrol psychology 101: Communication and conflict resolution»
Importance of Communication Skills in Patrol Policing

At the beginning of every one of my law enforcement crisis intervention classes, there’s always at least one cop who tells me, “My job is to catch criminals; I’m not paid to talk.” But verbal communications skills are crucial for success in virtually every aspect of patrol policing efforts.
First, the majority of patrol time is spent in routine citizen contact that does not involve serious criminal law enforcement action. Traffic stops, accident investigations, mediating neighbor beefs, calming angry or intoxicated citizens, and handling merchant complaints all require good verbal skills to deal with the situation without allowing it to escalate.
Second, success fully resolving a minor crisis, such as a family dispute or neighbor quarrel, might eliminate the need for later call-backs to the same scene for a major crisis, such as domestic battery or destruction of property. It thus makes an officer’s job easier.
Third, those crisis situations that begin as hot calls can be more effectively de-escalated by officers who possess good verbal skills, potentially eliminating the need for physical force, restraint, and arrest. Again, less risk of injury to officer or citizen and less paperwork.
Basic Communication Skills for Police Officers
Any cop who thinks talking to citizens diminishes his or her tough-guy persona should consider that many of the important communication skills patrol officers can use to defuse tension and increase cooperation in the face of everyday crises are adapted from those used by trained hostage negotiators whom nobody would regard as a bunch of wusses. Basic street-level communications skills include a variety of approaches.
To begin with, angry citizens may just want to vent. If your partner is present, avoid the temptation to give each other snickering glances, which is a sure sign of disrespect to a citizen who thinks what he’s saying is important. If the subject curses or insults you, try to respond calmly without being baited into retaliating with anger or sarcasm. Of course, if a subject threatens or attacks you, and this is an arrestable offense, do your job. But remember that many situations are far from clear-cut and that officers have great discretion in how they choose to respond to a wide range of obnoxious citizen behaviors.
Certain tactics are useful for calming angry citizens and reducing the potential for violence. Start with your voice. For some officers, voice control is a natural talent, but for most, this skill can be trained and improved with daily practice. Learn to respond calmly to insults and challenges, without resorting to sarcasm or harshness of tone.
If you feel yourself getting agitated, make a conscious effort to modulate the pace of your speech and tone of your voice. Modulating your breathing helps keep your voice cadence under control. As part of your self-training, practice different speech styles: sympathetic, commanding, reassuring, businesslike, logical, and so on. The goal is not to act like a trained parrot, but rather to become familiar and comfortable with different communication styles in order to increase your repertoire of flexible skills in handling interpersonal encounters. This gives officers tremendous power to handle virtually any kind of crisis.
Sometimes, just changing the subject to a more neutral topic can ratchet the tension level down a few notches. In general, be careful not to abruptly shift to a whole new subject, which may be interpreted as rude or manipulative by the citizen. Rather, try to segue into a topic that is related to the one now under discussion, but is less emotionally charged. For example:
Citizen: I know she took those garden tools from my shed, because I could hear my dogs barking in the yard, and the next thing I saw was her going into her house.
Officer: What kind of dogs do you have?
C: Two rotweilers. What the hell difference does it make what kind of dogs they are?
O: I mean, do you find that dogs are a good way of knowing who’s coming and going on your property?
C: Yeah, they scared off some robbers a few months ago. Nobody wants to mess with rotweilers.
O: So somebody would have to be pretty crazy to steal something from your yard if they knew you had these dogs there.
C: I guess so.
Perhaps more subtle, but equally potent, are a range of nonverbal behaviors that powerfully influence human interaction. Depending on the nature of the interaction, officers may want to manipulate their own authority image. For example, when interviewing suspects, unruly citizens, or general “hard cases,” projecting a firm position, adopting a commanding stance, decreasing personal space, moving slowly and confidently, and making steady but not challenging eye contact all serve to increase the controlled intimidation factor that may mollify otherwise overly attitudinal or uncooperative subjects. Again, the goal is to project authoritativeness, not authoritarianism.

Conversely, some meeker, law-abiding citizens may be so intimidated by the police presence that they are almost paralyzed with fear and are unable to get their story out. In such cases, it is better to stand back a few paces, relax your stance or even sit down, focus some attention on note-taking and other non-eye contact activity, and speak in a reassuring tone of voice. Remember, the goal of almost any citizen interview is to increase the flow of communication and gain cooperation.
Note-taking, by the way, serves another important function when trying to maximize information-flow from citizens. Seeing an officer write down what the citizen says gives that citizen the impression that his or her input is important, which may mean a great deal to citizens who are accustomed to having their comments shrugged off by seemingly uncaring officers. But be careful about using this device with overly paranoid citizens who may be suspicious that you’re “making a record” of what they’re saying. Finally, it may be necessary to physically separate two sparring citizens to keep a verbal fight from escalating to blows, which would necessitate an arrest.

But be careful about using this device with overly paranoid citizens who may be suspicious that you’re “making a record” of what they’re saying. Finally, it may be necessary to physically separate two sparring citizens to keep a verbal fight from escalating to blows, which would necessitate an arrest. 2. Базовые лексические единицы по прочитанной статье.Английские словаПеревод1. communicationкоммуникация2. resolutionразрешение3. skillsнавыки4. majorityбольшинство5. citizenгражданин6. discretionсвобода7. deviceустройство8. includeвключать9. respondреагировать10. accidentпроисшествие11. modulatingмодуляция12. successуспех13. propertyимущество14. behaviorповедение15. influenceвлияние16. emotionallyэмоционально17. paralyzedпарализованы18. calmingуспокоения19. neighborсоседские20. approachesподходы3. ПереводАнглийский текстПеревод на русский языкЗамечания преподавателя1.Importance of Communication Skills in Patrol Policing1. Важность Навыков Общения в Патрульной Полиции.2. At the beginning of every one of my law enforcement crisis intervention classes, there’s always at least one cop who tells me, “My job is to catch criminals; I’m not paid to talk.”2. Вначале каждого из моих классов, всегда есть, по крайней мере, один полицейский, который говорит мне: “Моя работа заключается в ловли преступников; мне платят не за разговоры”.3. But verbal communications skills are crucial for success in virtually every aspect of patrol policing efforts.3. Но вербальные коммуникационные навыки имеют решающее значение для достижения успеха в практически каждом усилии патрульной полиции.4. First, the majority of patrol time is spent in routine citizen contact that does not involve serious criminal law enforcement action.4. Во-первых, большинство патрульного времени уходит на затягивающее контактирование с гражданами, которые не привлекались по серьезным преступным действиям правоохранительных органов.5. Traffic stops, accident investigations, calming angry or intoxicated citizens, and handling merchant complaints all require good verbal skills to deal with the situation without allowing it to escalate. 5. Транспортные остановки, расследования авиационных происшествий, пресечение ярости граждан или их же в нетрезвом состоянии и обработка жалоб - все это требует хороших навыков устной речи, чтобы справиться с данными ситуациями, не позволяя им разрастаться.6. Second, successfully resolving a minor crisis, such as a family dispute or neighbor quarrel, might eliminate the need for later call-backs to the same scene for a major crisis, such as domestic battery or destruction of property.6. Во-вторых, успешное урегулирование мелких кризисов таких, как семейный конфликт или соседские ссоры, может не дать этим конфликтам перейти в более крупный кризис такой, как уничтожение имущества.7. It thus makes an officer’s job easier.7. Что делает работу сотрудника проще.8. Third, those crisis situations that begin as hot calls can be more effectively de-escalated by officers who possess good verbal skills, potentially eliminating the need for physical force, restraint, and arrest.8. В-третьих, те кризисные ситуации, которые начинаются, как «горячие» звонки могут быть более эффективно нормализированы офицерами, которые обладают хорошими ораторскими способностями, потенциально устраняющими необходимость в физической силе или аресте.9. Again, less risk of injury to officer or citizen and less paperwork.9. Опять же, меньше риск травм для должностного лица и граждан и сокращение работы с бумагами.10. Basic Communication Skills for Police Officers.10. Основные Навыки Общения для Сотрудников Полиции.11. Any cop who thinks talking to citizens diminishes his or her tough-guy persona should consider that many of the important communication skills patrol officers can use to defuse tension and increase cooperation in the face of everyday crises are adapted from those used by trained hostage negotiators whom nobody would regard as a bunch of wusses.11. Любой полицейский, который думает, что, разговаривая с гражданами, снижает его или ее достоинство, самооценку, должны учитывать, что многие важные навыки общения патрульными могут использоваться для разрядки напряженности и усиления сотрудничества в условиях повседневных кризисов адаптированных от тех, которые используют подготовку в отношении заложников для переговоров.12. Basic street-level communications skills include a variety of approaches. 12. Основные навыки коммуникации включают в себя различные подходы. 13. To begin with, angry citizens may just want to vent.13. Для начала, слушайте терпеливо, не пытаясь разубеждать или спорить.14. If your partner is present, avoid the temptation to give each other snickering glances, which is a sure sign of disrespect to a citizen who thinks what he’s saying is important.14. Если ваш партнер находится рядом, избегайте соблазна перемигиваться с ним, хихикать взглядами, что является признаком неуважения к гражданину, который думает, что говорит очень важную информацию.15. If the subject curses or insults you, try to respond calmly without being baited into retaliating with anger or sarcasm.15.Если объект оскорбляет вас, попробуйте реагировать спокойно, без нажима в отместку с гневом и сарказмом.16. Of course, if a subject threatens or attacks you, do your job.16.Конечно, если вам угрожают или на вас нападают, делайте свою работу.17. But remember that many situations are far from clear-cut and that officers have great discretion in how they choose to respond to a wide range of obnoxious citizen behaviors.17. Но помните, что многие ситуации, далеки от истинного и, что сотрудники имеют большую свободу в том, что они выбирают, чтобы ответить на широкий спектр поведений граждан.18. Certain tactics are useful for calming angry citizens and reducing the potential for violence.18. Определенная тактика полезна для успокоения разгневанных граждан и снижения потенциала для насилия.19. Start with your voice.19. Начнем с вашего голоса.20. For some officers, voice control is a natural talent, but for most, this skill can be trained and improved with daily practice.20. Для некоторых офицеров, голосовое управление - природный талант, но для большинства, этот навык можно тренировать и совершенствовать в повседневной практике.21. Learn to respond calmly to insults and challenges, without resorting to sarcasm or harshness of tone. 21. Научитесь реагировать спокойно на оскорбления и вызовы, не прибегая к сарказму или резкости тона.22. If you feel yourself getting agitated, make a conscious effort to modulate the pace of your speech and tone of your voice.22. Если вы чувствуете себя взволнованным, сделайте сознательное усилие, чтобы урегулировать темп вашей речи и тон вашего голоса.23. Modulating your breathing helps keep your voice cadence under control.23. Модуляция вашего дыхания, помогает сохранить ваш голос под контролем.24. As part of your self-training, practice different speech styles: sympathetic, commanding, reassuring, businesslike, logical, and so on.24. Как часть вашей самостоятельной подготовки, практики различных стилей речи: отзывчивый, командирский, спокойный, деловой, логичный и так далее.25. The goal is not to act like a trained parrot, but rather to become familiar and comfortable with different communication styles in order to increase your repertoire of flexible skills in handling interpersonal encounters.25. Цель не в том, чтобы действовать, как обученный попугай, а, скорее, для ознакомления и использования различных стилей общения в целях повышения ваших навыков в решении межличностных контактов.26. This gives officers tremendous power to handle virtually any kind of crisis.26. Это дает офицерам огромную мощность, чтобы справиться с практически любым кризисом.27. Sometimes, just changing the subject to a more neutral topic can ratchet the tension level down a few notches.27. Иногда, просто сменить тему на более нейтральную, может оказаться науличшим способом для снятия напряжения.28.