Контрольная работа по англ.языку 2 вариант

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1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на временную форму глагола. Выпишите сказуемое и укажите его время.

1. Dry powders are very effective on Class D fires.
Сухие порошки очень эффективны для пожаров D класса.
are – Present Continuous
2. They will have much work to do next week.

15. Прочитайте текст и составьте реферат на английском языке, опираясь на следующий план:
Lack of teamwork and proper training may have bad ending
It was the start of what we call a normal day on the job, until later in the morning when an alarm for a chemical leak inside a beverage warehouse was sounded. The dispatch consisted of what we call a HAZMAT box: four engine companies, one truck company, a rescue squad, basic life support unit, HAZMAT company, and command officer. I was workingat the HAZMAT company that day.
Upon our arrival, the warehouse had been evacuated and a strong odor of ammonia had already consumed the entire area surrounding the warehouse. Three hazardous materials technicians and myself entered the release area to shut off the valve to the leaking pipe. After locating the release area we located the valve and made an attempt to close the valve. While closing the valve a sudden release of gaseous and liquid ammonia covered the personnel working at and around the valve. Visibility was taken from us almost instantaneously because of the gaseous release and communications were lost between all four technicians. I was able to find my way out and noticed that my personnel were still inside the release area. Prior to making another entry to locate my personnel, I noticed a white smoke coming from my chemical boots.
After further investigation I realized that the oil-based paint from the concrete floor was causing a chemical reaction under the soles of my boots. I reentered the release area, located my personnel, and immediately withdrew from the release area to the decontamination area. Once we were refreshed, a second entry attempt was made into the release area, where we were able to locate another sectional valve and stop the leak.
Prior to leaving the scene we finally determined that prior to our arrival a firefighter had entered the release area and closed the valve without notifying command and/or hazardous materials personnel. When hazardous materials personnel entered the release area thinking that the valve was not closed, they actually reopened it, which caused the valve to freeze in the open position. No personnel were injured or exposed to the ammonia, but the incident proved to be very dangerous as a result of personnel freelancing and the lack of training present at an emergency scene.
Street Story by Gregory L. Socks, Washington County Special Operations Coordinator, Hagerstown, Maryland

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Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.1. The surface tension of water is strong enough to let a steel needle float on water.Поверхностное натяжение воды достаточно сильно, чтобы позволить стальной игле плавать на ее поверхности.2. He is the man to rely upon.Он человек, на которого можно положиться.3. Pressure causes ice to melt.Давление заставляет лед таять.4. To explain this simple fact is not very easy.Объяснить этот очевидный факт не так просто.5. Metallic sodium is a white metal soft enough to be easily cut with a knife.Металлический натрий – это белый металл, достаточно мягкий, чтобы быть легко порезанным ножом.6. Mention is to be made of the high boiling point of this liquid.Упоминание высшей точки кипения этой жидкости должно быть сделано.10. Прочитайте текст.Fire Extinguishing TheoryThe extinguishment of fires is based on an interruption of one or more fire ingredients. With flaming combustion the fire may be extinguished by reducing temperature, eliminating fuel or oxygen, or by stopping the uninhibited chemical chain reaction. If a fire is in the smoldering phase, only three extinguishment options exist: reduction of temperature, elimination of fuel, or oxygen. One of the most common methods of extinguishment by cooling is dependent on cooling the fuel to a point where it doesn’t produce sufficient vapor to burn. Solid fuels and liquid fuels with high flash points can be extinguished by cooling. Low flash point liquids and flammable gases cannot be extinguished by cooling with water as vapor production cannot be sufficiently reduced. Reduction of temperature is dependent on the application of an adequate flow in proper form to establish a negative heat balance. In some cases, a fire is effectively extinguished by removing the fuel source. This may be done by stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel or by removing solid fuel in the path of the fire. Another method of fuel removal is to allow the fire to burn until all fuel is consumed. The method of extinguishment by oxygen dilution is the reduction of the oxygen concentration in the fire area. This can be accomplished by introducing an inert gas into the fire or by separating the oxygen from the fuel. This method of extinguishment will not work on self-oxidizing materials or on certain metals as they are oxidized by carbon dioxide or nitrogen, the two most common extinguishing agents.11. Найдите в тексте (задание № 10) и выпишите английские эквиваленты к данным словосочетаниям.1. тушение пожаров - extinguishment of fires2. пламенное горение - flaming combustion3. устранение горючего вещества или кислорода- eliminating fuel or oxygen4. непрерывная цепная реакция - uninhibited chemical chain reaction5. фаза тления - smoldering phase6. уменьшение температуры - reduction of temperature7. твердое горючее вещество - solid fuels8. высокая температура вспышки - high flash point9. легковоспламеняющиеся газы - flammable gases10. отрицательный тепловой баланс - negative heat balance11. удаление источника топлива - removing solid fuel12. уменьшение концентрации кислорода - reduction of the oxygen concentration13. введение инертного газа - introducing an inert gas14. самоокисляющиеся вещества - self-oxidizing materials15. огнетушащие средства - extinguishing agents.12. Закончите предложения, выбрав подходящее слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.1. Sometimes, a fire is effectively extinguished by removing the fuel source.Иногда, пожар эффективно гасится путем удаления источника топлива.2. A nozzle is used with a hose to cooling a fire spray of water.Сопло используется со шлангом для охлаждения струи воды для пожара. 3. Reducing of temperature is one of the firefighting options in flaming combustion.Снижение температуры является одним из вариантов пожаротушения в пылающий пламени.4. Last stage of a burning process is a smoldering phase.Последним этапом процесса горения является фаза тления.5. Diluting is the reduction of the oxygen concentration in the fire area.Разбавление - это снижение концентрации кислорода в зоне пожара13. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту из задания №10.1. What is the extinguishment of fire based on? The extinguishment of fires is based on an interruption of one or more fire ingredients.2. How can you put out the fire with flaming combustion? With flaming combustion the fire may be extinguished by reducing temperature, eliminating fuel or oxygen, or by stopping the uninhibited chemical chain reaction.3. What is the most common method of extinguishment?One of the most common methods of extinguishment by cooling is dependent on cooling the fuel to a point where it doesn’t produce sufficient vapor to burn. 4. Why can’t you use water on low flash point liquids and flammable gases?Low flash point liquids and flammable gases cannot be extinguished by cooling with water as vapor production cannot be sufficiently reduced.5. What does the method of extinguishment by oxygen dilution mean? This can be accomplished by introducing an inert gas into the fire or by separating the oxygen from the fuel.14. Переведите предложения на английский язык, пользуясь лексикой текста (задание №10).1. На стадии тления существует три возможности остановить пожар: уменьшение температуры, устранение горючего вещества или кислорода.If a fire is in the smoldering phase, only three extinguishment options exist: reduction of temperature, elimination of fuel, or oxygen. 2. Введение инертных газов в область пожара уменьшает концентрацию кислорода.Introducing an inert gas into the fire to reduce oxygen concentration of the fire.3. Горючие вещества с высокой температурой вспышки можно тушить методом охлаждения.Fuels with high flash point can extinguish by method of reduction of temperature.4. В случае пламенного горения одним из способов тушения является прерывание цепной химической реакции.In a case of flaming combustion inhibition of chemical chain reaction is one of ways extinguishment of fires.5. Самым распространенным огнетушащим средством является вода.The most widespread extinguishing agent is water.15. Прочитайте текст и составьте реферат на английском языке, опираясь на следующий план:1. Название статьи, автор.The title of the article is …– Заголовок статьи… The article under discussion is … – Статья, которую мне сейчас хочется обсудить ...The author of the article is … – Автор статьи … It is written by … – Она написана …The title of the article is Lack of teamwork and proper training may have bad ending2. Тема, логические части.The topic of the article is … – Тема статьи … The article under discussion is devoted to the problem … – Статью, которую мы обсуждаем, посвящена проблеме …The author in the article touches upon the problem of … – В статье автор затрагивает проблему ...The article under discussion may be divided into several logically connected parts which are … – Статья может быть разделена на несколько логически взаимосвязанных частей, таких как …3. Краткое содержание.At the beginning of the story the author describes … - В начале истории автор описывает … (depicts – изображает, touches upon – затрагивает, explains – объясняет, introduces – знакомит, mentions – упоминает, recalls – вспоминает, makes a few critical remarks on – делает несколько критических замечаний о …)The story begins (opens) with a description of … – История начинается с описания … (statement – заявления, introduction of – представления, the mention of – упоминания, the analysis of a summary of – краткого анализа, the characterization of – характеристики)The scene is laid in … – Действие происходит в …In conclusion the author dwells on … – В заключении автор останавливается на … (points out – указывает на то, generalizes – обобщает, reveals – показывает, accuses/blames – обвиняет, gives a summary of – дает обзор).4. Отношение автора к отдельным моментам.The author gives full coverage to … – Автор полностью охватывает …The author asserts that … – Автор утверждает, что …The author resorts to … to underline … – Автор прибегает к …, чтобы …Let me give an example… – Позвольте мне привести пример …5. Ваш вывод.