Контрольная работа по английскому

Контрольная работа по английскому, вариант 1 ...

Вариант 1
1. Перепишите предложения и определите функцию глагола to have, to be. Переведите предложения.
1. In the past several decades, power plant owners and industry in general have vastly improved employee safety.
2. Although power plants are much safer than they once were, plant employees still encounter many hazards, and it is up to employers to implement programs and policies aimed at eliminating accidents.
3. Comprehensive training, detailed pre-job planning, and proper and well-maintained safety equipment are key to accident prevention, regardless of the hazard.
4. Utilities and power companies can have their own safety regulations that go beyond OSHA and NFPA requirements.
5. In addition to improved training and preplanning, adequate safety equipment is essential.

2. Выберите требуемую форму глагола и переведите предложения:
1. If a worker (is, will be) on a platform, he (could, can) hit a power line, (receive, will receive) an electrical shock and (fall, fell) from the platform, (breaking, broke) an arm or leg, or worse.
2. If a worker (drops, will drop) a screwdriver near open-bus, (energized, energizing) electrical switchgear, he (will receive, receives) a burn from a subsequent arc flash.
3. Most authoritative sources on electrical incidents (report, reports) that approximately 400 general industry workers, including power plant workers, (die, dies) each year from electrical shocks.
4. According to Foley, the best way to prevent accidents (is, are) for companies to conduct more frequent electrical hazard training; conduct awareness training to make sure workers (understand, understood) all the hazards, (including, included) arc flash hazards, (associated, associating) with the specific equipment.

3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную видо-временную форму (Passive voice). Переведите предложения.
1. Numerous organizations that hand down safety requirements and regulations (to establish), creating a safer work environment.
2. Foley understands the perils of working around electricity, as well as the precautions that should (to take) to avoid injuries and accidents.
3. This accident could easily (to report) and (to classify) as a fall, even though the fall was obviously caused from an electrical shock.
4. In 29CFR 1910.269, a qualified worker (to define) as: “One knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the electric power generation, transmission and distribution equipment involved, along with the associated hazards.
5. This incident might (to report) as a burn, not an electrical arc-flash incident.”

4. Дополните таблицу требующимися частями речи. Переведите полученные формы.
noun verb adjective/adverb
safety
improve
energy
injured
protect

5. Сопоставьте английские словосочетания с их русскими эквивалентами
1. safe work environment
2. encounter many hazards
3. accident prevention
4. electrical shocks and burns
5. electrical injuries and fatalities
6. power generation, transmission and distribution
7. flame-resistant clothing
8. shields and hoods a. электрические щиты и вытяжки
b. безопасная рабочая среда
c. электротравматизм и несчастные случаи
d. предотвращение аварий
e. электрический удар и ожоги
f. огнезащитная одежда
g. производство электроэнергии, ее передача и распределение
h. столкнуться с множеством опасностей

6. Прочитайте текст и укажите абзац, в котором говорится о…
- основных причинах травматизма на рабочем месте;
-основных травмах на рабочем месте;
- способах и средствах избегания травм.

Power plant safety

Jan 06, 2015 by Teresa Hansen
http://www.power-eng. com/

In the past several decades, power plant owners and industry in general have vastly improved employee safety. Numerous organizations that hand down safety requirements and regulations have been established, creating a safer work environment. Although power plants are much safer than they once were, plant employees still encounter many hazards, and it is up to employers to implement programs and policies aimed at eliminating accidents. Comprehensive training, detailed pre-job planning, and proper and well-maintained safety equipment are key to accident prevention, regardless of the hazard.
Among the most common hazards to power plant workers are electrical shocks and burns, boiler fires and explosions, and contact with hazardous chemicals.
Electrical Hazards
Michael Foley is an electrical safety instructor with National Technology Transfer Inc. Foley understands the perils of working around electricity, as well as the precautions that should be taken to avoid injuries and accidents. He explains that there is really not a good common system in place for reporting and recording the number and type of electrical injuries and fatalities that occur in power plants or general industry for that matter. According to Foley, many of the reported numbers are “soft” and can be misleading. “For example,” Foley says, “a worker on a platform could hit a power line, receive an electrical shock and fall from the platform, breaking an arm or leg, or worse. This accident could easily be reported and classified as a fall, even though the fall was obviously caused from an electrical shock.
“Another example could be a worker who drops a screwdriver near open-bus, energized electrical switchgear and receives a burn from a subsequent arc flash,” says Foley. “This incident might be reported as a burn, not an electrical arc-flash incident.”
Even with the potential for these incidents to be wrongly classified, the Electrical Safety Foundation International reports that an average of 133 workers die each year due to contact with power lines. In addition, most authoritative sources on electrical incidents report that approximately 400 general industry workers, including power plant workers, die each year from electrical shocks. When combined, these figures represent one or two deaths daily due to electrical incidents. The National Safety Council estimates that an electrocution death costs about $1 million.
This figure includes costs of lost productivity over the life of the employee, direct medical expenses and insurance premiums. Foley points out that this figure does not represent costs associated with severe injuries, such as burns, that do not cause death.
Generally, electric shocks or electrocutions are thought of as the main hazards associated with electrical work. According to Foley, however, 75 percent of all reported lost time electrical-related incidents are due to burn injuries from the arc flash.
Often, the person actually working in an electrical cabinet is wearing proper protection, but others, who may be working with that person but not directly in the cabinet, are not protected at all. “An arc can reach 10 feet from the source, so it is important for anyone working near an electrical cabinet or similar electrical equipment to be protected,” Foley adds.
OSHA sets many of the electrical safety rules for general industry and for utility workers. In 29CFR 1910.269, a qualified worker is defined as: “One knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the electric power generation, transmission and distribution equipment involved, along with the associated hazards.” This category obviously includes power plant workers and electrical transmission and distribution workers routinely exposed to electrical hazards.
Utilities and power companies can create their own safety regulations that go beyond OSHA and NFPA requirements. According to Foley, the best way to prevent accidents is for companies to conduct more frequent electrical hazard training; conduct awareness training to make sure workers understand all the hazards, including arc flash hazards, associated with the specific equipment; and most importantly, include a safety review during job preplanning. “
In addition to improved training and preplanning, adequate safety equipment is essential. Voltage-rated gloves and tools are a must when working on energized electrical equipment. Flame-resistant clothing is needed, even if not required, to protect power plant workers from arc flashes. Shields and hoods are also necessary.

7.Сопоставьте части предложений. Переведите предложения письменно.
1. Among the most common hazards to power plant workers are
2. According to Foley, many of the reported numbers are
3. The Electrical Safety Foundation International reports
4. This figure includes a. “soft” and can be misleading.
b. that an average of 133 workers die each year due to contact with power lines.
c. costs of lost productivity over the life of the employee, direct medical expenses and insurance premiums.
d. electrical shocks and burns, boiler fires and explosions, and contact with hazardous chemicals.


8.Прочитайте текст и ответьте письменно на вопросы:
1. Why do plant employees still encounter many hazards?
2. What are the key factors to accident prevention, regardless of the hazard?
3. What are the most common hazards to power plant workers?
4. Who sets many of the electrical safety rules for general industry and for utility workers?
5. What is needed to protect power plant workers from arc flashes?

9. Заполните пропуски данными словами (death, electrical injuries, incidents, die, electrocution power plants, system, 75 percent). Переведите предложения.

1. He explains that there is really not a good common a)…….. in place for reporting and recording the number and type of b)………..and fatalities that occur in c)………or general industry for that matter.
2. Even with the potential for these d)……….to be wrongly classified, the Electrical Safety Foundation International reports that an average of 133 workers e)………each year due to contact with power lines.
3. The National Safety Council estimates that an f)………costs about $1 million.
4. According to Foley, however, g)……..of all reported lost time electrical-related incidents are due to burn injuries from the arc flash.

10.Переведите текст письменно и приготовьтесь к контролю чтения абзацев № 1,2.

11.Составьте письменное реферирование текста.

Вариант 1
1. Перепишите предложения и определите функцию глагола to have, to be. Переведите предложения.
1. In the past several decades, power plant owners and industry in general have vastly improved employee safety.
2. Although power plants are much safer than they once were, plant employees still encounter many hazards, and it is up to employers to implement programs and policies aimed at eliminating accidents.
3. Comprehensive training, detailed pre-job planning, and proper and well-maintained safety equipment are key to accident prevention, regardless of the hazard.
4. Utilities and power companies can have their own safety regulations that go beyond OSHA and NFPA requirements.
5. In addition to improved training and preplanning, adequate safety equipment is essential.

2. Выберите т ребуемую форму глагола и переведите предложения:
1. If a worker (is, will be) on a platform, he (could, can) hit a power line, (receive, will receive) an electrical shock and (fall, fell) from the platform, (breaking, broke) an arm or leg, or worse.
2. If a worker (drops, will drop) a screwdriver near open-bus, (energized, energizing) electrical switchgear, he (will receive, receives) a burn from a subsequent arc flash.
3. Most authoritative sources on electrical incidents (report, reports) that approximately 400 general industry workers, including power plant workers, (die, dies) each year from electrical shocks.
4. According to Foley, the best way to prevent accidents (is, are) for companies to conduct more frequent electrical hazard training; conduct awareness training to make sure workers (understand, understood) all the hazards, (including, included) arc flash hazards, (associated, associating) with the specific equipment.

3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную видо-временную форму (Passive voice). Переведите предложения.
1. Numerous organizations that hand down safety requirements and regulations (to establish), creating a safer work environment.
2. Foley understands the perils of working around electricity, as well as the precautions that should (to take) to avoid injuries and accidents.
3. This accident could easily (to report) and (to classify) as a fall, even though the fall was obviously caused from an electrical shock.
4. In 29CFR 1910.269, a qualified worker (to define) as: “One knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the electric power generation, transmission and distribution equipment involved, along with the associated hazards.
5. This incident might (to report) as a burn, not an electrical arc-flash incident.”

4. Дополните таблицу требующимися частями речи. Переведите полученные формы.
noun verb adjective/adverb
safety
improve
energy
injured
protect

5. Сопоставьте английские словосочетания с их русскими эквивалентами
1. safe work environment
2. encounter many hazards
3. accident prevention
4. electrical shocks and burns
5. electrical injuries and fatalities
6. power generation, transmission and distribution
7. flame-resistant clothing
8. shields and hoods a. электрические щиты и вытяжки
b. безопасная рабочая среда
c. электротравматизм и несчастные случаи
d. предотвращение аварий
e. электрический удар и ожоги
f. огнезащитная одежда
g. производство электроэнергии, ее передача и распределение
h. столкнуться с множеством опасностей

6. Прочитайте текст и укажите абзац, в котором говорится о…
- основных причинах травматизма на рабочем месте;
-основных травмах на рабочем месте;
- способах и средствах избегания травм.

Power plant safety

Jan 06, 2015 by Teresa Hansen
http://www.power-eng. com/

In the past several decades, power plant owners and industry in general have vastly improved employee safety. Numerous organizations that hand down safety requirements and regulations have been established, creating a safer work environment. Although power plants are much safer than they once were, plant employees still encounter many hazards, and it is up to employers to implement programs and policies aimed at eliminating accidents. Comprehensive training, detailed pre-job planning, and proper and well-maintained safety equipment are key to accident prevention, regardless of the hazard.
Among the most common hazards to power plant workers are electrical shocks and burns, boiler fires and explosions, and contact with hazardous chemicals.
Electrical Hazards
Michael Foley is an electrical safety instructor with National Technology Transfer Inc. Foley understands the perils of working around electricity, as well as the precautions that should be taken to avoid injuries and accidents. He explains that there is really not a good common system in place for reporting and recording the number and type of electrical injuries and fatalities that occur in power plants or general industry for that matter. According to Foley, many of the reported numbers are “soft” and can be misleading. “For example,” Foley says, “a worker on a platform could hit a power line, receive an electrical shock and fall from the platform, breaking an arm or leg, or worse. This accident could easily be reported and classified as a fall, even though the fall was obviously caused from an electrical shock.
“Another example could be a worker who drops a screwdriver near open-bus, energized electrical switchgear and receives a burn from a subsequent arc flash,” says Foley. “This incident might be reported as a burn, not an electrical arc-flash incident.”
Even with the potential for these incidents to be wrongly classified, the Electrical Safety Foundation International reports that an average of 133 workers die each year due to contact with power lines. In addition, most authoritative sources on electrical incidents report that approximately 400 general industry workers, including power plant workers, die each year from electrical shocks. When combined, these figures represent one or two deaths daily due to electrical incidents. The National Safety Council estimates that an electrocution death costs about $1 million.
This figure includes costs of lost productivity over the life of the employee, direct medical expenses and insurance premiums. Foley points out that this figure does not represent costs associated with severe injuries, such as burns, that do not cause death.
Generally, electric shocks or electrocutions are thought of as the main hazards associated with electrical work. According to Foley, however, 75 percent of all reported lost time electrical-related incidents are due to burn injuries from the arc flash.
Often, the person actually working in an electrical cabinet is wearing proper protection, but others, who may be working with that person but not directly in the cabinet, are not protected at all. “An arc can reach 10 feet from the source, so it is important for anyone working near an electrical cabinet or similar electrical equipment to be protected,” Foley adds.
OSHA sets many of the electrical safety rules for general industry and for utility workers. In 29CFR 1910.269, a qualified worker is defined as: “One knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the electric power generation, transmission and distribution equipment involved, along with the associated hazards.” This category obviously includes power plant workers and electrical transmission and distribution workers routinely exposed to electrical hazards.
Utilities and power companies can create their own safety regulations that go beyond OSHA and NFPA requirements. According to Foley, the best way to prevent accidents is for companies to conduct more frequent electrical hazard training; conduct awareness training to make sure workers understand all the hazards, including arc flash hazards, associated with the specific equipment; and most importantly, include a safety review during job preplanning. “
In addition to improved training and preplanning, adequate safety equipment is essential. Voltage-rated gloves and tools are a must when working on energized electrical equipment. Flame-resistant clothing is needed, even if not required, to protect power plant workers from arc flashes. Shields and hoods are also necessary.

7.Сопоставьте части предложений. Переведите предложения письменно.
1. Among the most common hazards to power plant workers are
2. According to Foley, many of the reported numbers are
3. The Electrical Safety Foundation International reports
4. This figure includes a. “soft” and can be misleading.
b. that an average of 133 workers die each year due to contact with power lines.
c. costs of lost productivity over the life of the employee, direct medical expenses and insurance premiums.
d. electrical shocks and burns, boiler fires and explosions, and contact with hazardous chemicals.


8.Прочитайте текст и ответьте письменно на вопросы:
1. Why do plant employees still encounter many hazards?
2. What are the key factors to accident prevention, regardless of the hazard?
3. What are the most common hazards to power plant workers?
4. Who sets many of the electrical safety rules for general industry and for utility workers?
5. What is needed to protect power plant workers from arc flashes?

9. Заполните пропуски данными словами (death, electrical injuries, incidents, die, electrocution power plants, system, 75 percent). Переведите предложения.

1. He explains that there is really not a good common a)…….. in place for reporting and recording the number and type of b)………..and fatalities that occur in c)………or general industry for that matter.
2. Even with the potential for these d)……….to be wrongly classified, the Electrical Safety Foundation International reports that an average of 133 workers e)………each year due to contact with power lines.
3. The National Safety Council estimates that an f)………costs about $1 million.
4. According to Foley, however, g)……..of all reported lost time electrical-related incidents are due to burn injuries from the arc flash.

10.Переведите текст письменно и приготовьтесь к контролю чтения абзацев № 1,2.

11.Составьте письменное реферирование текста.

Flame-resistant clothing is needed, even if not required, to protect power plant workers from arc flashes. Shields and hoods are also necessary.Power plant safetyJan 06, 2015 by Teresa Hansenhttp://www.power-eng. com/In the past several decades, power plant owners and industry in general have vastly improved employee safety. Numerous organizations that hand down safety requirements and regulations have been established, creating a safer work environment. Although power plants are much safer than they once were, plant employees still encounter many hazards, and it is up to employers to implement programs and policies aimed at eliminating accidents. Comprehensive training, detailed pre-job planning, and proper and well-maintained safety equipment are key to accident prevention, regardless of the hazard. Among the most common hazards to power plant workers are electrical shocks and burns, boiler fires and explosions, and contact with hazardous chemicals. Electrical HazardsMichael Foley is an electrical safety instructor with National Technology Transfer Inc. Foley understands the perils of working around electricity, as well as the precautions that should be taken to avoid injuries and accidents. He explains that there is really not a good common system in place for reporting and recording the number and type of electrical injuries and fatalities that occur in power plants or general industry for that matter. According to Foley, many of the reported numbers are “soft” and can be misleading. “For example,” Foley says, “a worker on a platform could hit a power line, receive an electrical shock and fall from the platform, breaking an arm or leg, or worse. This accident could easily be reported and classified as a fall, even though the fall was obviously caused from an electrical shock.“Another example could be a worker who drops a screwdriver near open-bus, energized electrical switchgear and receives a burn from a subsequent arc flash,” says Foley. “This incident might be reported as a burn, not an electrical arc-flash incident.”Even with the potential for these incidents to be wrongly classified, the Electrical Safety Foundation International reports that an average of 133 workers die each year due to contact with power lines. In addition, most authoritative sources on electrical incidents report that approximately 400 general industry workers, including power plant workers, die each year from electrical shocks. When combined, these figures represent one or two deaths daily due to electrical incidents. The National Safety Council estimates that an electrocution death costs about $1 million.This figure includes costs of lost productivity over the life of the employee, direct medical expenses and insurance premiums. Foley points out that this figure does not represent costs associated with severe injuries, such as burns, that do not cause death. Generally, electric shocks or electrocutions are thought of as the main hazards associated with electrical work. According to Foley, however, 75 percent of all reported lost time electrical-related incidents are due to burn injuries from the arc flash. Often, the person actually working in an electrical cabinet is wearing proper protection, but others, who may be working with that person but not directly in the cabinet, are not protected at all. “An arc can reach 10 feet from the source, so it is important for anyone working near an electrical cabinet or similar electrical equipment to be protected,” Foley adds.OSHA sets many of the electrical safety rules for general industry and for utility workers. In 29CFR 1910.269, a qualified worker is defined as: “One knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the electric power generation, transmission and distribution equipment involved, along with the associated hazards.” This category obviously includes power plant workers and electrical transmission and distribution workers routinely exposed to electrical hazards. Utilities and power companies can create their own safety regulations that go beyond OSHA and NFPA requirements. According to Foley, the best way to prevent accidents is for companies to conduct more frequent electrical hazard training; conduct awareness training to make sure workers understand all the hazards, including arc flash hazards, associated with the specific equipment; and most importantly, include a safety review during job preplanning. “ In addition to improved training and preplanning, adequate safety equipment is essential. Voltage-rated gloves and tools are a must when working on energized electrical equipment. Flame-resistant clothing is needed, even if not required, to protect power plant workers from arc flashes. Shields and hoods are also necessary.Безопасность на электростанции.За последние несколько десятилетий, владельцы электростанций и заводов значительно улучшили безопасность сотрудников. В многочисленных организациях, в которых установлены требования безопасности, более безопасные условия работы. Хотя электростанции гораздо безопаснее, чем они когда-то были, работники по-прежнему сталкиваются со многими опасностями, и именно работодатели должны разработать программы и продумать политику, направленные на уменьшение количества несчастных случаев на предприятии. Комплексное обучение, предварительная работа по планированию и строгое следование правилам безопасности являются ключом к предотвращению несчастных случаев, несмотря на то, что есть ещё факторы риска.Работники электростанций подвержены ряду опасностей: электрические удары и ожоги, возгорание бойлера и взрывы, а так же контакт с опасными химическими веществами. Опасность поражения электрическим токомМайкл Фоли является инструктором электрической безопасности в компании национальных передовых технологий. Фоли понимает опасность работы с электросетями, поэтому он осознаёт необходимость применения мер предосторожности, чтобы избежать травмы и несчастные случаи. Он поясняет, что на данный момент система сбора и обработки количества и типа травм и смертельных случаев, которые происходят на электростанциях или общей промышленности функционирует не очень хорошо. Согласно Фоли, большинство несчастных случаев в рапорте описаны, как «несерьёзные» и ведут к ошибочному представлению. «Например, утверждает Фоли, если рабочий будет стоять на платформе, он может задеть линию электропередач, получить удар током и упасть, сломав руку или ногу, или может произойти что похуже». В рапорте этот несчастный случай могли бы легко отметить как падение с высоты, даже если оно произошло, очевидно, из-за поражения электрическим током.«Можно привести другой пример: рабочий роняет отвёртку в открытое распределительное устройство под напряжением и получает ожёг от последующей дуговой вспышки, говорит Фоли. «В рапорте напишут, что это ожог, а не несчастный случай, вызванный вспышкой дугового разряда.Даже статистика несчастных случаев ошибочна, Международный Фонд электробезопасности сообщает, что в среднем 133 работника умирают ежегодно в результате контакта с электросетями. При этом самые авторитетные источники по изучению статистики инцидентов на предприятиях, сообщают, что около 400 работников заводов и электростанций умирают каждый год от поражения электрическим током. Если сложить эти данные, получается, что ежедневно погибает один-два рабочих из-за инцидентов на электростанции. По оценкам Национального совета по технике безопасности смерть от электрического удара стоит около $ 1 млн.Эта цифра включает в себя расходы, связанные с ухудшением производительности на протяжении жизни работника, прямые медицинские расходы и страховые взносы. Как Фоли отмечает, в эти расходы не входят затраты, связанные с тяжелыми травмами, такими как ожоги, от которых не умирают.Как правило, поражение электрическим током или смерть от него считаются основными факторами риска при проведении электромонтажных работ. По словам Фоли, однако, 75 процентов всех зарегистрированных несчастных случаев – это ожоги, вызванные вспышкой дуги.Часто бывает, что рабочий, находясь в шкафу электроуправления надел надлежащую защиту, но другие, работающие вместе с ним, но не внутри шкафа не позаботились о своей безопасности. «Зона поражения вспышки дугового разряда может достигать 3 метров, поэтому очень важно для тех, кто работает возле электрошкафа или подобного электрооборудования носить защитную одежду» - добавляет Фоли.Федеральное агентство по охране труда и здоровья установило множество правил электробезопасности для обычных предприятий и работников сети инженерно-технического обеспечения. В своде федеральных постановлений 29 пункт 1910.269, дано определение квалифицированного рабочего, как: «Компетентный в сфере строительства и эксплуатации производства электроэнергии человек, а так же знающий технику безопасности работы с оборудованием для передачи и распределения электроэнергии, отдающим себе отчёт в возможных опасностях». Под это определение подходят, очевидно, работники электростанций и предприятий по её производству, передачи и распределении, которые регулярно подвергаются опасности поражения электрическим током.Сети инженерно-технического обеспечения и энергокомпаниями могут иметь свои собственные правила безопасности, которые выходят за рамки требований Федерального агентства по охране труда и здоровья и Национальной ассоциации пожарной безопасности.