Роль семьи в жизни англичан. Английский патриотизм

Average age - this is the time when the interests and preferences are formed and each person chooses a mate is in their interests to have been common themes. Infinite patience and calm that is inherent in all the British are doing and family life as calm.
Perhaps, from the outside it may seem boring when all life is one, clearly defined note, without incident and small shocks in the family. However, in English families are scandals, failures and their problems, just like many other families.
Simply British have their own feature not transmit all the emotions and feelings of the public, and are trying to find the strength to hold back. In society, you can see a happy family in which the beautiful and good relations.

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Contents
Introduction 2
The British Family 3
Bibliographic list 14

Introduction
It does not take too much insight to realize that families today look much different from the way they did just a generation or two ago. The idyllic picture of mom, dad, and two or three children living happily down the street in the house with the white picket fence is just not as likely today. Family situations vary widely, and educators not only must know what those possibilities look like but must be ready to work effectively with diverse family patterns.

One of the most important factors that influence the position of the family today, is the high number of married women employed. As noted earlier, a small number of married women worked outside the home at the beginning of the industrial age. However, at the end of World War II, the number of women in paid employment, has increased enormously. This growth has caused changes in the types of families.While working married women tend to have fewer jobs than their partners, they have more economic independence than housewives. Many of these women still consider their salaries "complement" to the earnings of her husband; this income is regarded both as the main source of income. Nevertheless, a growing number of women, instead of content with the role of housewives, starting to take their careers as the main driving early in his life.The extent to which these changes have affected the roles of men and women inside the house? Do take over the men most responsible for household chores and child-rearing than it was before? The facts show the last three or four decades, there have been some changes, but they are very limited. Heidi Hartmann summarized the results of studies conducted in the United States in 1960-70. She found that women employed exclusively household spend on it 60 hours a week. Men spend an average of only 11 hours. In families with young children women pay household duties and child-rearing to 70 hours a week. If men spend 5 hours a week on parenting, they respectively reduce the proportion of time for other household chores.In Britain, held much less systematic studies than in the USA. But they also give a similar picture. Alston studied couple of doctors. The results show that male doctors are much less household responsibilities than their wives. For example, only 1% of male doctors regularly go shopping, cook, do the cleaning; more than 80% of female doctors doing the first two categories and more than 50% - the third. Only in rare cases both partners exempts itself from domestic duties, hiring a nanny or cleaner. Thus, even when women have high status and well-paid jobs, they tend to look like their mothers and housewives.Research on decision-making in marriage, show that men tend to retain control over economic resources of the family. It is men in most cases to decide how to be organized financial affairs of the family. In turn, this determines many aspects of family life.A study of family circle "white collar", allowed to divide the family business at a "very important" and just "important". About many very important cases, in particular, financial decisions are made only by their husbands. Just important decisions, for example, about the education of children, are often taken together. But it is obvious that none of the solutions of one or another category has been taken wives alone. Women usually take responsibility only for those solutions that both partners are treated as trivial, for example, the choice of finishing flat.Very often, the power in the family belongs to women, but to exercise their influence they can mostly indirectly. While the man in family matters may behave arrogantly, a woman tends to mask any power because it would look like something illegal. If a woman wants to go its own way, it can either "cut" of her husband, or looking for ways to "get around" it. Although men and may use similar methods, though in general they have the opportunity to assert their rights more directly. Smoothing of this inequality is extremely slow.Modern social developments, particularly increasing industrialisation and urbanisation, together with the greater mobility made possible by modern means of transport, have introduced very radical changes into the family life of the community. Writing on The Family and Marriage in Britain, Ronald Fletcher says, ‘The “extended family”—the large interdependent network of extended kindred—is outmoded in a modern industrial society. The days of the clan and of the village network of aunts, uncles, and forty-second cousins, is over. The functional roots of the extended family have gone.’Instead of the old pattern, we find everywhere families now living singly, frequently in isolation from, and largely in independence of, their blood relatives. The single family has become a more self-contained unit. In addition, the authoritarian family of the middle classes and the completely unplanned large family of the working class, alike typical of some earlier generations, have both largely given place to the small planned democratic family. The family itself has too, become publicly recognised in new ways as a social institution. Its wellbeing is now cared for by the state and by local authorities. ‘The quality of its internal life is also a matter of public concern. The health and stability of the community is now seen to rest on the health and stability of its families; the social health of the individual personality is now judged to depend in great measure upon the quality of parent-child relationships. These are accepted generalities today: fifty years ago they were not.’ Change and Improvement. Such changes have in many ways brought improvement into the conditions, character and conduct of family life. Their improvement has been the more marked because many changes have been accompanied and influenced by better social standards. The rise in status of the young wife and of children is, for instance, one of the great transformations of our time. There is, too, exercising obvious influence a better conception of marriage. According to Peter Willmott, co-director of the Institute of Community Studies, ‘The trend is from the consanguine family, one emphasising ties of kinship to the conjugal, emphasising the husband-wife bond.’ ‘The close-knit family, and particularly the husband and wife relationship, is becoming a more influential factor in social life.’ ‘What has been described as partnership marriage seems to be spreading throughout society. The partnership is both in power, with major decisions being discussed and made jointly, and in the division of labour, with the old directions between men’s and women’s jobs (though still made) becoming increasingly blurred.’ Families are now generally smaller than they were. More families are separately housed. Improved standards of living and better provision for physical and material needs have introduced into family life a new degree of security. Husbands not only do more to aid their wives in emergencies; they also spend less on themselves and more on their families.It is, too, the children who are now commonly put first. Encouraged by state provision parents generally are more actively concerned about the dress, the education and the future prospects of their children. And the modern husband spends his evenings and his weekends not with his workmates but at home with his family, enjoying common fireside relaxations with them, or else “pottering” round the house maintaining or improving its comfort and appearance.All this means that married and family life are potentially much better. On the other hand, the intense and demanding character of the basic personal relationship between the husband and wife make the possibility of failure more obvious, and the consequences of failure more intolerable and disrupting. In new ways, therefore, particularly as far as the future of the new family is concerned, marriage today is ‘for better or for worse’. The family also finds itself still beset by serious dangers. The declining birth-rate, the decay of parental control, the increase of juvenile delinquency, and the growing prevalence of divorce are ominous indications of a widespread revolt against the restraints, sacrifices and duties of family life.The new freedoms of a permissive society tend, with some, to stimulate and encourage a desire for sexual ‘enjoyment’ without involvement in family responsibilities. What so many of the modern world demand is romance without fidelity, so that when the fires of intense feeling die down, and people tire of one another, they can part without more ado. Such sexuality is hostile to the continuance of the family.The better standards of an affluent society encourage desire for material comforts and luxuries; desire, that is, for the possession of more things selfishly to enjoy rather than for the joys and sacrifices of parenthood or of other intimate human relationships. So with some married couples children are not wanted. Or, because of competition and jealousy over the acquisition of material status symbols there is lack of true friendliness towards neighbours. Such tendencies can only impair and prevent true family fulfilment. Children, too, may not only rightly come first in their parents’ attention. But also, by parents’ inordinate and ill-governed love, they often tend to be spoilt, to be given too much, to be allowed without necessary discipline too much freedom or even encouragement to be selfwilled.