Концепт mass communication в американской языковой картине мира на базе ведущих деловых изданий США

Содержание
Введение
Глава 1. ОПИСАНИЕ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КАРТИНЫ МИРА ЧЕРЕЗ КОНЦЕПТЫ
1.1 Феномен языковой картины мира.
1.2 Концепты как базовые лексические категории, определяющие языковую картину мира
1.3 Концептосфера как область знаний
1.4 Определение и особенности американской картины мира
Выводы по 1 главе
Глава 2. АНАЛИЗ КОНЦЕПТА MASS COMMUNICATION
2.1 История концепта mass communication.
2.2 Словарное значение концепта mass communication
2.3 Mass communication как средства
2.4 Содержание mass communication
2.6 Значение массовых коммуникаций и влияние на американское общество
Выводы по 2 главе
Заключение
Библиографический указатель

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ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
В приложении приведены статьи из американской публицистики СМИ (Газеты и журналы, в которых используются лексемы, связанные с реализацией концепта mass communication)
New-York Times
EDUCATION; PLAN URGES BROADER SCOPE IN JOURNALISM
By JONATHAN FRIENDLY
Published: June 26, 1984
STUDENTS of journalism and mass communications should get more and better undergraduate training in the liberal arts and less work in vocational skills, according to a model curriculum being proposed after a two-year survey.
The proposed curriculum, described in a report last month from a study group of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, parallels ideas advanced in other disciplines, particularly teacher education, to marry improved liberal arts training to a core of instruction in the history and theory of the craft, rather than in its technologies and methods.
Most schools have not offered new responses to the various pulls. ''In the midst of what has been called a communication revolution, the nation's journalism and mass communication schools seemed anything but revolutionary,'' the report noted.
The study began at the University of Oregon in Eugene, which decided three years ago to take a comprehensive look at its curriculum but could find little useful data on what other schools had done. The dean of the school, Everette E. Dennis, is president of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, and the association named him to lead the study group
Many of the goals of the Oregon proposal have already been accomplished by the University of Minnesota's School of Journalism and Mass Communication, which completed an overhaul of its programs in 1981.
Career training at Minnesota is now conducted primarily at the graduate level, in such courses as interpretive reporting or research methodology. Undergraduate work is structured around helping students understand American society by learning how mass communications have affected that culture.
''We're trying to identify intelligent people,'' said Donald Gillmor, a professor of mass communications and law at Minnesota. ''We're looking for people who have an interest in mass communications in whatever form it might take.''
At many schools, that search for qualified students outranks the problems of developing courses, upgrading the faculty, finding a new dean or raising money. David Berkman, chairman of the Department of Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, said 40 percent of his broadcast students were ''incapable of stringing together more than two simple declarative sentences.''
Journalism Program Seeks Status
By TOM CALLAHAN
Published: December 31, 2000
NEW ROCHELLE— IN his 20 years at Iona College here, Dr. George Thottam has turned a small mass communications program into the college's largest undergraduate major and created two graduate programs.
''We are trying to join an elite group of schools,'' said Dr. Thottam, 55, the chairman of the mass communications department. ''Accreditation enables us to be more competitive, and it makes our graduates more marketable.''
Of 600 higher education mass communication programs in the United States, only 110 are accredited, 11 of them in the Northeast.
Currently, 154 Iona students are majoring in mass communication. The department offers courses in advertising, public relations, journalism and broadcasting. Some 2,200 students have graduated from the program since it began in 1973.
Dr. Thottam, who joined the Iona faculty in 1979, has been chairman of the mass communication department for 11 years. In 1986, he created a master's program in communication, which covers the fields of public relations and corporate communications, followed by a journalism master's program five years ago. He also started a Journalism Institute for Minority High School Students, a three-credit summer course, which is now in its third year.
He looks forward to doing more journalistic writing once the accreditation process is complete. But despite his responsibilities as department chairman, he still enjoys teaching.
''Part of our challenge is to really drive students and motivate them,'' he said. ''And that's what I find exciting. It is the one-on-one interaction with students where you can make your mark. What I really enjoy is when my alumni get into a newspaper or a magazine or a media organization and they are able to do good work.''
Photo: Dr. George Thottam, head of mass communications, in his office at Iona. (Chris Maynard for The New York Times)
November 7, 2008, 7:49 pm
How Obama’s Internet Campaign Changed Politics
By CLAIRE CAIN MILLER
One of the many ways that the election of Barack Obama as president has echoed that of John F. Kennedy is his use of a new medium that will forever change politics. For Mr. Kennedy, it was television. For Mr. Obama, it is the Internet.
“Were it not for the Internet, Barack Obama would not be president. Were it not for the Internet, Barack Obama would not have been the nominee,” said Arianna Huffington, editor in chief of The Huffington Post.
She spoke Friday about how politics and Web 2.0 intersect on a panel with Joe Trippi, a political consultant, and Gavin Newsom, the mayor of San Francisco, at the Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco. (Karl Rove and Newt Gingrich had been invited to balance out the left-leaning panel, but declined, according to John Battelle, a chair of the conference.)
Howard Dean’s 2004 campaign -– which was run by Mr. Trippi –- was groundbreaking in its use of the Internet to raise small amounts of money from hundreds of thousands of people. But by using interactive Web 2.0 tools, Mr. Obama’s campaign changed the way politicians organize supporters, advertise to voters, defend against attacks and communicate with constituents.
Mr. Obama used the Internet to organize his supporters in a way that would have in the past required an army of volunteers and paid organizers on the ground, Mr. Trippi said.
“The tools changed between 2004 and 2008. Barack Obama won every single caucus state that matters, and he did it because of those tools, because he was able to move thousands of people to organize.”
Mr. Obama’s campaign took advantage of YouTube for free advertising. Mr. Trippi argued that those videos were more effective than television ads because viewers chose to watch them or received them from a friend instead of having their television shows interrupted.
“The campaign’s official stuff they created for YouTube was watched for 14.5 million hours,” Mr. Trippi said. “To buy 14.5 million hours on broadcast TV is $47 million.”
There has also been a sea change in fact-checking, with citizens using the Internet to find past speeches that prove a politician wrong and then using the Web to alert their fellow citizens.
The John McCain campaign, for example, originally said that Governor Sarah Palin opposed the so-called bridge to nowhere in Alaska, Ms. Huffington said. “Online there was an absolutely obsessive campaign to prove that wrong,” she said, and eventually the campaign stopped repeating it.
“In 2004, trust me, they would have gone on repeating it, because the echo chamber would not have been as facile,” Ms. Huffington said.
The Internet also let people repeatedly listen to the candidates’ own words in the face of attacks, Mr. Huffington said. As Reverend Jeremiah Wright’s incendiary words kept surfacing, people could re-watch Mr. Obama’s speech on race. To date, 6.7 million people have watched the 37-minute speech on YouTube.
The Internet also changes the way politicians govern. Mr. Newsom learned that last year when he ran for re-election. He showed up at a rally and didn’t see the usual crowd. His aides told him the audience was made up of his Facebook friends. “I said, ‘What’s Facebook?’” Mr. Newsom recalled.
These days, Mr. Newsom is “obsessed with Facebook.” It strengthens his connection with his constituents and their connection with the causes they care about, he said.
The constant exposure can, of course, turn against politicians.
Ms. Huffington’s “off the bus” team of 10,000 citizen journalists caught candidates saying things that embarrassed them later, like Mr. Obama’s “guns and religion” remark. Now, she said, “there is no off-the-record fund-raiser.”
Mr. Newsom says he is fearful of the constant need to watch his tongue. “I have to watch myself singing, ‘I left my heart in San Francisco’ on YouTube and it can’t go away. I am desperate to get it to go away,” he said dryly.
“There will be a lot of collateral damage coming to grips with the fact that we’re in a reality TV series, ‘Politics 24/7,’” Mr. Newsom said.
That’s a good thing, Mr. Trippi said. “This medium demands authenticity, and television for the most part demanded fake. Authenticity is something politicians haven’t been used to.”
He predicted that this real-time Internet contact with constituents will also change the way the president of the United States governs. He recently proposed that Mr. Obama start a Web site called MyWhiteHouse.gov to talk with citizens. (Mr. Obama just started a different site, Change.gov, on Thursday to keep in touch with people during the transition.)
“When Congress refuses to go with his agenda, it’s not going to be just the president” they oppose, Mr. Trippi said. It will be the president and his huge virtual network of citizens.
“Just like Kennedy brought in the television presidency, I think we’re about to see the first wired, connected, networked presidency,” Mr. Trippi said.
People and Accounts of Note
By THE NEW YORK TIMES
Published: June 1, 2009
AbelsonTaylor, Chicago, promoted three employees. Jillian Hogan, associate interactive producer, was promoted to producer. Scott Lutzow, interactive developer, was promoted to senior interactive developer. And Josh Testo, account coordinator, was promoted to assistant digital media planner.
Capstrat, Raleigh, N.C., awarded its annual scholarship to Jasmin Jones of the University of North Carolina School of Journalism and Mass Communication. The scholarship includes an internship at the agency.
Gary Carr and Michael Parent were promoted at TargetCast TCM, New York. Mr. Carr, senior vice president and national broadcast director, becomes senior vice president and executive director for national broadcast, a new post. Mr. Parent, vice president and associate director for national broadcast, assumes Mr. Carr’s previous duties as vice president and director for national broadcast.
Chobani Greek yogurt, New Berlin, N.Y., a division of AgroFarma, chose TDA Advertising and Design, Boulder, Colo., as its first advertising agency of record. A campaign, with a budget that is not being disclosed, is to start in August.
Jim Cousins joined Olson, Minneapolis, as executive director of the BrandLab, the agency’s nonprofit spinoff. Mr. Cousins is a long-time executive at Minneapolis agencies like North Woods Advertising and Chuck Ruhr Advertising.
Ted D’Amico, a senior vice president at Ipsos Mendelsohn, New York, part of Ipsos, was named to a new, added post, chief research officer.
The Deaf Wellness Center, a program of the department of psychiatry at the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, is sponsoring a public service campaign aimed at the deaf. The campaign, created by Roberts Communications, Rochester, features Linda Bove, a deaf actress who played Linda the librarian on “Sesame Street,” communicating in American Sign Language about the importance of seeking help for depression.
Doner, Southfield, Mich., hired four employees. Abbey Berryman becomes senior vice president and strategic leader, a new post; she had worked on the Saturn account in the Detroit office, dedicated to General Motors, of the Starcom MediaVest Group, part of the Publicis Groupe. Greg Iszler becomes senior vice president for digital strategy, succeeding Brett Groom, who left, the agency said; Mr. Iszler returns to Doner after working most recently at Enlighten, Ann Arbor, leading client services. Kate MacArthur becomes senior vice president and brand content director, a new post; she had most recently been a reporter at Advertising Age, part of Crain Communications. And Murray White becomes executive creative director, a new post; he had been a creative partner at the Amsterdam office of Springer & Jacoby International.
Ericsson, Stockholm, chose Lowe Worldwide, part of the Interpublic Group of Companies, to handle the global creative duties on its account, with spending estimated at $4 million. Agencies that had handled the assignment previously included Digitas and Publicis Worldwide, units of the Publicis Groupe. The Lowe office in Stockholm, known as Lowe Brindfors, will lead the work on the account.
David Jenkins and Matt Weiss were named to share a new post at the flagship New York office of McCann Erickson Worldwide, chief for brand growth and innovation. Mr. Jenkins joins the agency as an executive vice president from the New York office of Bartle Bogle Hegarty, where he led the agency’s Miller Lite account. Mr. Weiss, who had been chief growth officer at the agency, adds the duties of the new post to his assignment. McCann Erickson is part of the McCann Worldgroup division of the Interpublic Group of Companies.
Kim Larson, president at the Information Alliance, was elected president of the Marketing Research Association for 2009-10.
A campaign for the Levi’s jeans brand sold by Levi Strauss & Company, San Francisco, which was created by Razorfish, part of the Microsoft Corporation, won the first People’s Choice Award as part of the 2009 Media Plan of the Year Awards sponsored by Mediaweek, published by a unit of the Nielsen Company. The campaign, called “Luv My Levi’s,” was aimed at young women.
Macy’s, part of Macy’s Inc., took top honors at the seventh annual Cause Marketing Halo Awards, winning two awards for “Believe,” a holiday promotion that raised more than $1 million for the Make-A-Wish Foundation by donating a dollar for each letter to Santa Claus that customers mailed at a Macy’s store.
Judy McGrath, chairwoman and chief executive at MTV Networks, New York, part of Viacom, was named to receive the 2009 Foundation of A.W.R.T. Achievement Award from American Women in Radio and Television. The award is presented to individuals for achievement in electronic media.
Mediaedge:cia, New York, part of the GroupM unit of WPP, elected six new senior partners. They are: Allison Coley, account director; Christina Dagnello, account director; Ann McGrath, director for client services, MEC Retail; Jessica Michaels, group director; Colleen Soriano, group director; and Jill Toscano, account director.
Mindspace, Tempe, Ariz., hired five employees. They are: Evan Blomquist, senior Web developer on the new media team; Jessica L. Hansen, integrated account executive; Jeffrey M. Hecht, senior account executive on the public relations team; Whitney Liem, account coordinator; and Sarah Sbordone, public relations account coordinator.
Ryan Moats joined Cactus, Denver, as an account executive. He had been an account executive at CCT Advertising, Denver.
Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, New York, part of WPP, is expanding its global sustainability practice by combining multiple offerings into a unit named OgilvyEarth. Among its assignments is a project for the United Nations.
Fernanda Romano joined Euro RSCG Worldwide, part of Havas, as global creative director for digital and experiential, a new post. She will initially be based in London and relocate to Madrid later in the year. Ms. Romano had been creative director at the London office of JWT, part of WPP.
State Farm, Bloomington, Ill., and Live Nation, Los Angeles, renewed and expanded a sponsorship alliance. Financial terms were not disclosed. The agreement, entering its fourth year, will expand the involvement of State Farm in promoting and rewarding fans who commit to being designated drivers at events held at certain Live Nation venues. State Farm will also sponsor two Live Nation tours this year, for Blink 182 and No Doubt.
Shelley Swan, a team leader on the Red Lobster account at the Richards Group, Dallas, was promoted to a principal.
George Tillman Jr., who directed “Notorious,” the film about the rapper Biggie Smalls, signed with Story, Chicago, for national representation as a commercial director.
Martin Walsh will join the Interpublic Group of Companies, New York, in a new post as of June 15, overseeing and coordinating Interpublic’s efforts for the General Motors Corporation. Mr. Walsh had most recently been general manager of the Hummer division of G.M. His title at Interpublic will be senior vice president and president for the G.M. relationship.
John Weisgerber, vice president and director for digital advertising at Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., New York, was promoted to vice president for integrated sales and marketing. Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. is part of the Hachette Filipacchi Médias division of Lagardère.
Kate Wheatley joined MediaCom West, Los Angeles, in a new post, senior partner and digital group director. She had been digital group media director at the Los Angeles office of Universal McCann, part of the Interpublic Group of Companies. MediaCom West is part of the MediaCom unit of GroupM, a division of WPP.
“The Washington Post”
February 3, 2010, 6:33 am
Driver’s Licenses for the Internet?
Today’s idea: Let’s have “driver’s licenses” for the Internet to counter online fraud, hackers and espionage, a Microsoft executive suggests.
Internet | Maybe on your busy junket to the World Economic Forum in Davos last week you missed the panel where Craig Mundie, Microsoft’s chief research and technology officer, offered up the Internet licensing proposal above. Barbara Kiviat of the Curious Capitalist blog was there, and summarizes the idea thusly:
What Mundie is proposing is to impose authentication. He draws an analogy to automobile use. If you want to drive a car, you have to have a license (not to mention an inspection, insurance, etc.). If you do something bad with that car, like break a law, there is the chance that you will lose your license and be prevented from driving in the future. In other words, there is a legal and social process for imposing discipline. Mundie imagines three tiers of Internet I.D.: one for people, one for machines and one for programs (which often act as proxies for the other two).
Now, there are, of course, a number of obstacles to making such a scheme be reality. Even here in the mountains of Switzerland I can hear the worldwide scream go up: “But we’re entitled to anonymity on the Internet!” Really? Are you? Why do you think that?
Mundie [above] pointed out that in the physical world we are implicitly comfortable with the notion that there are certain places we’re not allowed to go without identifying ourselves. Are you allowed to walk down the street with no one knowing who you are? Absolutely. Are you allowed to walk into a bank vault and still not give your name? Hardly.
The Internet was never originally intended as a worldwide system of mass communication, Ms. Kiviat notes, let alone a largely anonymous one. But that is what it grew into, replete with feisty commenters like those reacting to her post. [The Curious Capitalist]
Del. Marshall says abortion remark misconstrued, apologizes
By Fredrick Kunkle
Washington Post Staff Writer Tuesday, February 23, 2010
Virginia Del. Robert G. Marshall apologized Monday to people with disabilities for remarks suggesting that women who have abortions risk having later children with birth defects as a punishment from God.
Marshall (R-Prince William) made the comment Thursday at a news conference calling for an end to state funding to Planned Parenthood. Calling the nonprofit group "Planned Barrenhood," Marshall joined the Virginia Christian Alliance, several African American ministers and others who blamed the abortion provider for a host of social ills.
"The number of children who are born subsequent to a first abortion who have handicaps has increased dramatically. Why? Because when you abort the firstborn of any, nature takes its vengeance on the subsequent children," Marshall said.
"In the Old Testament, the firstborn of every being, animal and man, was dedicated to the Lord," he added. "There's a special punishment Christians would suggest -- and with the knowledge that they have in faith, it's been verified by a study from Virginia Commonwealth University -- first abortions, of a first pregnancy, are much more damaging than later abortions."
The VCU study he referred to was published in 2008 in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health and suggested that there is a higher risk of premature birth and low birth weight in children born to women who have had an abortion.
Few seized on the remarks at the time Marshall made them. But outrage built on social networking sites and political blogs after some Virginia newspapers picked up the story from Capital News Service, a program at VCU's School of Mass Communications.
"I am amazed that someone has been able to slander my child, my wife and my God in one comment," said Brett Wills, 38, a Staunton paint salesman who is the father of an 8-year-old boy with autism. "To imply that someone's disabilities are an act of God to punish women in an immoral society is just the most outrageous thing I've ever heard."
An online petition called for Marshall's resignation.
Marshall, appearing shaken by criticism gone viral, said his remarks had been shortened in some news reports and twisted out of context.
Marshall said his broader point on Thursday was that he had collected a substantial amount of published medical research suggesting that abortions raise the risk of miscarriage and birth defects in subsequent pregnancies and that those findings echoed the Bible's teaching that abortion is wrong.
"The point is, there are profound consequences to the act of abortion," Marshall said.
Late Monday, his office released a formal apology. Addressing the story that his office said had "conveyed the impression that I believe disabled children are a punishment for prior abortions," Marshall explained:
"No one who knows me or my record would imagine that I believe or intended to communicate such an offensive notion. I have devoted a generation of work to defending disabled and unwanted children, and have always maintained that they are special blessings to their parents. Nevertheless, I regret any misimpression my poorly chosen words may have created as to my deep commitment to fighting for these vulnerable children and their families."
Marshall said in an interview that his belief in the sanctity of all life was demonstrated by his commitment to seeking state-mandated insurance coverage for specialized therapy needed by autistic children, a stance so at odds with his own party's that he said he was threatened with expulsion from the Republican caucus last year.
Nancy Mercer, executive director of ARC of Northern Virginia, an advocacy and assistance group for the disabled, said that Marshall has been supportive of the needs of people with disabilities but that his remarks on Thursday were insensitive, particularly when budget cuts threaten services for them.
"Families are reeling, and then to have this come on top of it added insult to injury," she said.
Even some allies in the cause distanced themselves from Marshall's remarks.
"I think there are studies medically demonstrating that there are future health risks to abortion," said Chris Freund, a spokesman for the conservative Family Foundation of Virginia. "To say that's evidence of God's judgment goes too far."
Jennifer McMillen, whose 8-year-old son has autism and cerebral palsy, said she was outraged.
"Quite honestly, I don't care what he intended to say," said McMillen, 37. "His comments were inappropriate and unacceptable, and something needs to be done."
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368234/mass-media
World English Dictionary [North American Edition] (P)2009 // электронный ресурс, режим доступа: http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861628638
Электронный ресурс, режим доступа: http://dictionary.reference.com/
Электронный ресурс, режим доступа: http://www.uky.edu/~drlane/capstone/mass/
Электронный ресурс, режим доступа: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mass-communications.html
Электронный ресурс, режим доступа: http://dictionary.reference.com/
Электронный ресурс, режим доступа: http://www.spacetoday.org/Stamps/Stamps.html
Электронный ресурс, режим доступа: http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=masscommunic
Электронный ресурс, режим доступа: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
"Buffeted: Newspapers Are Paying the Price for Shortsighted Thinking". American Journalism Review. October–November, 2007. Режим доступа: http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4416
Baker, Russell "Goodbye to Newspapers?". The New York Review of Books, August 16, 2007. Режим доступа: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20471
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=future_of_newspaper&action=edit&section=2
Интернет стал в США третьим по популярности источником новостей, 01.03.2010. Режим доступа: www.lenta.ru
Alistair Dawber. Murdoch Blasts Search Engine 'Kleptomaniacs', The Independent, October 10, 2009. Режим доступа: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/online/murdoch-blasts-search-engine-kleptomaniacs-1800569.html
The New York Times. March 18, 2009. Режим доступа: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/19/opinion/19kristof.html?ref=opinion
Media and Culture with 2009 Update. Macmillan. 2008. p. 307. Режим доступа: http://books.google.com/books?id=Qg_RyIDuQuwC&pg=PA307&lpg=PA307&dq=%22what+will+become+of+newspapers%22+john+carroll&source=bl&ots=Bvt4X013GA&sig=anc0VLOJCdLdgt7woGSa9SWXG-Q&hl=en&ei=mjvDSfbiLomMsAPAtOHlBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=6&ct=result
http://www.world-newspapers.com/usa.html
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/
Там же.
Sarmad Ali. The Internet: a Candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize. March 11, 2010. Режим доступа: http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2010/03/11/internet-is-running-for-nobel-peace-prize/tab/article/
Там же.